Deaths

  • 735: Bede dies at Jarrow

    Bede died at the monastery of Wearmouth-Jarrow in 735, with 26 May commonly used as the date. The date matters because Bede had already completed work that became central to the written record of early English Christianity. He lived and worked in a Northumbrian monastery, not at a royal court or on campaign. His authority…

  • 946: Edmund I is killed at Pucklechurch

    Edmund I was killed at Pucklechurch in Gloucestershire on 26 May 946. His death was sudden. The usual account says he was killed during a confrontation at a feast or court gathering, after trying to intervene against a man with a violent reputation. That makes it different from the more familiar royal deaths in battle,…

  • 959: King Eadwig Dies

    King Eadwig died on 1 October 959, ending a reign that had begun less than four years earlier. He was only about eighteen or nineteen years old. Eadwig was the elder son of King Edmund I and succeeded his uncle Eadred in 955, when he was about fifteen. His reign was marked by disputes with…

  • 1057: Macbeth is killed at Lumphanan

    Macbeth, King of Scots, was killed at Lumphanan in Aberdeenshire on 15 August 1057. His opponent was Malcolm, the son of Duncan I and the man who would become Malcolm III. Macbeth had ruled Scotland for about 17 years. He became king in 1040 after Duncan was killed in battle against him, rather than murdered…

  • 1087: William the Conqueror Dies

    William I died on 9 September 1087 at the priory of St Gervase near Rouen, ending a reign that had begun with his conquest of England 21 years earlier. William had left England for the last time in 1086. The following year, he campaigned in the French Vexin after disputes with Philip I of France.…

  • 1100: William II is killed in the New Forest

    On 2 August 1100, William II was killed by an arrow while hunting in the New Forest. His death left no agreed successor and allowed his younger brother Henry to take the English throne before their elder brother could return from abroad. William, known as William Rufus, had ruled England since 1087. He was a…

  • 1159: Pope Adrian IV dies

    Pope Adrian IV died at Anagni, Italy, on 1 September 1159. Born Nicholas Breakspear in Hertfordshire around 1100, he remains the only Englishman to have become pope. Breakspear left England as a young man and eventually joined the religious community of St Ruf near Avignon. He became prior, and then abbot before Pope Eugenius III…

  • 1170: Thomas Becket is killed at Canterbury

    On 29 December 1170, Thomas Becket was killed inside Canterbury Cathedral. The murder was carried out by four knights, but it grew out of a longer conflict between Becket and Henry II. Becket was not a distant critic of the king. He had been Henry’s chancellor, a close royal servant and a man trusted with…

  • 1283: Dafydd ap Gruffudd is executed at Shrewsbury

    Dafydd ap Gruffudd was executed at Shrewsbury on 3 October 1283, months after his capture brought organised resistance to Edward I’s conquest of Gwynedd close to an end. Dafydd was the younger brother of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Prince of Wales. His relationship with the English king had not always been hostile. Edward had granted him…

  • 1305: William Wallace is tried and executed in London

    William Wallace was tried for treason and executed in London on 23 August 1305, nearly eight years after his victory over an English army at Stirling Bridge. Wallace had emerged as one of the leaders of Scottish resistance to Edward I in 1297. Fighting alongside Andrew Moray, he defeated an English force at Stirling Bridge…

  • 1307: Edward I dies on campaign against Scotland

    On 7 July 1307, King Edward I died at Burgh by Sands in Cumberland while leading another campaign against Scotland. He had ruled England since 1272 and spent much of his later reign trying to bring Scotland under English control. Edward was about sixty-eight years old when he died. His army was moving north to…

  • 1400: Richard II dies in captivity

    Richard II is usually said to have died at Pontefract Castle on or about 14 February 1400. The year before, his cousin Henry Bolingbroke had deposed him and taken the throne as Henry IV. Richard was now a former king. He was still dangerous. Henry IV’s rule began with force, ceremony and argument. Richard had…

  • 1431: Joan of Arc is executed at Rouen

    On 30 May 1431, Joan of Arc was executed at Rouen. Rouen was under English control at the time, and the execution took place during the later stages of the Hundred Years’ War. Joan had been captured the year before and put through a trial process that served English political interests as well as church…

  • 1485: Richard III is killed at the Battle of Bosworth

    Richard III was killed at the Battle of Bosworth on 22 August 1485 while defending his crown against Henry Tudor. His death ended his two-year reign and more than three centuries of Plantagenet rule in England. Henry had landed at Milford Haven in Wales on 7 August after years in exile. His claim to the…

  • 1500: John Alcock Dies at Wisbech Castle

    John Alcock, Bishop of Ely and a former Lord Chancellor of England, died at Wisbech Castle on 1 October 1500. Born in Beverley, Yorkshire, around 1430, Alcock combined a career in the Church with service to the Crown. Under Edward IV, he joined the royal administration. He was appointed tutor to the king’s eldest son,…

  • 1502: Arthur, Prince of Wales, dies at Ludlow

    Arthur, Prince of Wales, died on 2 April 1502. Was the wrong brother left in charge? Arthur was fifteen, newly married, and meant to be the Tudor future. Instead, he died at Ludlow Castle, less than five months after his wedding to Catherine of Aragon, and Henry VII’s plan for his dynasty changed at once.…

  • 1540: Thomas Cromwell is executed on Henry VIII’s wedding day

    On 28 July 1540, Thomas Cromwell was beheaded on Tower Hill. Later that day, Henry VIII married Catherine Howard at Oatlands Palace in Surrey. Cromwell had been one of the most powerful men in England. As Henry’s chief minister, he had helped establish the king’s authority over the English Church, increased Parliament’s role in carrying…

  • 1542: Sir Thomas Wyatt Dies in Dorset

    Sir Thomas Wyatt, the English poet and diplomat, is commonly recorded as having died on 11 October 1542 in Dorset. The exact date is uncertain. Some accounts place his death on 6 October and his burial at Sherborne Abbey on the 11th. Wyatt had been travelling on royal business to meet an envoy of Emperor…

  • 1548: Catherine Parr dies at Sudeley Castle

    Catherine Parr died at Sudeley Castle in Gloucestershire on 5 September 1548, six days after giving birth to her only child. She was about 36. Parr was Henry VIII’s sixth and final wife. She survived the king, who died in January 1547, and later that year married Thomas Seymour, brother of Henry’s third wife, Jane…

  • 1558: Walter Devereux, 1st Viscount Hereford, dies

    Walter Devereux, 1st Viscount Hereford, died at his family seat at Chartley, Staffordshire, on 17 September 1558. He had spent much of his adult life in royal service under Henry VIII, Edward VI and Mary I. Under Henry VIII, Devereux held several administrative positions and served in the government of the Welsh Marches. In 1544,…

  • 1568: Welsh cartographer Humphrey Llwyd dies

    Welsh antiquary and mapmaker Humphrey Llwyd died at Denbigh in August 1568 after suffering a severe fever. The Dictionary of Welsh Biography gives his death as 21 August, although the date is uncertain. Abraham Ortelius recorded 31 August, and that date also appears in a contemporary note attached to Llwyd’s final surviving letter. Llwyd was…

  • 1582: George Buchanan dies in Edinburgh

    George Buchanan died in Edinburgh on 28 September 1582, aged 76. A historian, poet and humanist scholar, he was a leading intellectual figure in sixteenth-century Scotland. Buchanan’s career also placed him close to political power. He became tutor to the young James VI and later served as Keeper of the Privy Seal of Scotland. His…

  • 1588: Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, Dies

    Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, died at Cornbury, Oxfordshire, on 4 September 1588. He was 56 and had been one of the closest figures to Elizabeth I throughout almost her entire reign. His death came only weeks after the defeat of the Spanish Armada. During the crisis, Elizabeth had appointed Dudley Lieutenant and Captain-General of…

  • 1589: William Spenser is executed at York

    William Spenser, an English Roman Catholic priest, was executed at York on 24 September 1589. Robert Hardesty, a layman who had sheltered him, was executed with him. Spenser was born in Yorkshire and studied at Trinity College, Oxford, where he became a fellow and received his MA in 1580. He became increasingly committed to Catholicism…

  • 1593: Christopher Marlowe is killed at Deptford

    On 30 May 1593, Christopher Marlowe was killed at Deptford. The inquest recorded a quarrel at the house of Eleanor Bull. Marlowe had spent the day there with Ingram Frizer, Robert Poley and Nicholas Skeres. The dispute was said to have been over payment. Frizer stabbed Marlowe above the eye, and Marlowe died from the…

  • 1595: Thomas Digges dies in London

    Thomas Digges, an English mathematician and astronomer, died in London on 24 August 1595. He was one of the earliest English supporters of Copernican astronomy. He published the first English account of the Copernican system. Born in Kent around 1546, Digges was the son of the mathematician and surveyor Leonard Digges. After his father’s death,…

  • 1649: Charles I is executed at Whitehall

    Charles I was executed outside the Banqueting House at Whitehall on 30 January 1649. He had lost the Civil War, lost effective power and then lost the claim that those beneath him could not judge a king. His death was public. That was part of the point. Charles had not been killed quietly after defeat.…

  • 1658: Oliver Cromwell Dies

    Oliver Cromwell died on 3 September 1658, leaving the office of Lord Protector to his son Richard. The succession was peaceful, but the political system Cromwell had headed soon began to break down. Cromwell had been Lord Protector since December 1653. England had abolished the monarchy after the execution of Charles I in 1649. The…

  • 1746: The Earl of Kilmarnock is executed on Tower Hill

    William Boyd, 4th Earl of Kilmarnock, was beheaded on Tower Hill on 18 August 1746 for his part in the Jacobite rising. Arthur Elphinstone, Lord Balmerino, was executed with him. Kilmarnock had joined the Jacobite army during the rising of 1745. He was captured following the Battle of Culloden on 16 April 1746, when government…

  • 1759: James Wolfe dies at the Battle of Quebec

    Major-General James Wolfe died on 13 September 1759 after being mortally wounded during the Battle of Quebec. Wolfe commanded the British force sent to capture the French-held city during the Seven Years’ War. During the night of 12–13 September, his troops landed west of Quebec and climbed a steep path to reach the Heights of…

  • 1796: Thomas Reid dies in Glasgow

    Scottish philosopher Thomas Reid died in Glasgow on 7 October 1796, aged 86. A leading figure in the Scottish Enlightenment, he founded the Scottish school of Common Sense philosophy. Reid began his working life in the Church of Scotland before moving into academic life at King’s College, Aberdeen. There, he helped found the Aberdeen Philosophical…

  • 1803: Robert Emmet is executed in Dublin

    Robert Emmet was executed in Dublin on 20 September 1803, less than a day after being convicted of high treason for his part in an attempted rebellion against British rule in Ireland. Emmet had led an uprising in Dublin on 23 July. Poor preparation and confusion helped bring it to a rapid end, and he…

  • 1819: James Watt dies at Heathfield Hall

    James Watt died on 25 August 1819 at Heathfield Hall, his home near Birmingham. The Scottish engineer is often described as the inventor of the steam engine. However, steam engines were already in use in Britain before he was born. Watt’s achievement was to make them much more efficient and adaptable. Born in Greenock in…

  • 1820: James Wilson is executed on Glasgow Green

    James Wilson was hanged and beheaded on Glasgow Green on 30 August 1820 for his part in the Scottish Radical Rising earlier that year. An estimated 20,000 people gathered to watch. Wilson was a weaver from Strathaven in Lanarkshire and had been involved in demands for political reform for many years. By 1820, economic hardship…

  • 1827: William Blake dies in London

    William Blake died at his home in Fountain Court, London, on 12 August 1827, aged 69. The poet, painter, printmaker and engraver left work that would later reach an audience far larger than it had during his lifetime. Blake had spent much of his career combining words and images. He developed methods for producing illustrated…

  • 1832: Sir Walter Scott Dies at Abbotsford

    Sir Walter Scott died at his home in Abbotsford, in the Scottish Borders, on 21 September 1832. He was 61. Scott had become one of the most successful British writers of his time through his poetry and historical novels. Financial problems dominated his final years. In 1826, the failure of publishing and printing businesses with…

  • 1843: Mining Engineer John Buddle Dies at Wallsend

    John Buddle died at his home in Wallsend on 10 October 1843, aged 70. He was an influential mining engineer and colliery manager in North East England. Born in County Durham in 1773, Buddle learned about mining from his father, who was also a colliery viewer. He succeeded him as manager of Wallsend Colliery in…

  • 1849: Anne Brontë dies at Scarborough

    Anne Brontë died at Scarborough on 28 May 1849, aged 29. She had travelled there from Haworth while seriously ill. The illness was tuberculosis, often called consumption at the time. Scarborough was not a passing detail in the story. It was where she spent her final days, away from the parsonage and the family setting…

  • 1852: The Duke of Wellington dies at Walmer Castle

    The Duke of Wellington died at Walmer Castle in Kent on 14 September 1852. He was 83. Wellington was staying at the castle as Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, an office he had held since 1829. That morning, his valet found him unable to rise from the small campaign bed in his room. He…

  • 1859: Isambard Kingdom Brunel Dies Aged 53

    Isambard Kingdom Brunel died on 15 September 1859, aged 53. He had suffered a stroke shortly before his death and had been in poor health while working on his final major ship, the Great Eastern. Brunel’s career covered railways, bridges, tunnels and ships. As engineer of the Great Western Railway, he helped develop the route…

  • 1876: Assyriologist George Smith dies in Aleppo

    British Museum Assyriologist George Smith died in Aleppo on 19 August 1876 while returning to England from an archaeological expedition. He was 36. Smith had taken an unusual route into scholarship. Born in Chelsea in 1840, he left formal education early and, at 14, was apprenticed to the London publishing firm Bradbury & Evans to…

  • 1890: Catherine Booth dies at Clacton-on-Sea

    Catherine Booth, co-founder of the Salvation Army, died from cancer at Clacton-on-Sea on 4 October 1890. She was 60 and had spent much of her adult life working alongside her husband, William Booth, while developing a public religious role of her own. Catherine married William in 1855. Four years later she published Female Ministry, defending…

  • 1892: Alfred, Lord Tennyson dies at Aldworth

    Alfred, Lord Tennyson, died at Aldworth, his home near Haslemere, on 6 October 1892. He was 83 and had been Poet Laureate for more than four decades. Tennyson had succeeded William Wordsworth as Poet Laureate in 1850, the same year that In Memoriam A.H.H. was published. He became one of Victorian Britain’s best-known literary figures,…

  • 1896: Bridget Driscoll is killed by a motor car at Crystal Palace

    Bridget Driscoll was killed by a motor car in the grounds of the Crystal Palace on 17 August 1896. She became the first recorded pedestrian in Britain to die after being struck by a car. Driscoll, who lived in Croydon, was visiting Crystal Palace with her teenage daughter and a friend. Motor cars from the…

  • 1905: Sir Henry Irving Dies After a Performance in Bradford

    Sir Henry Irving died in Bradford on 13 October 1905, shortly after performing in Alfred Tennyson’s *Becket* at the Theatre Royal. He had returned to his hotel when he collapsed. He was 67. Irving had continued touring despite periods of ill health. His final performance came at the end of a career in which he…

  • 1909: William Ford Stanley dies in South Norwood

    William Ford Robinson Stanley died at his home in South Norwood on 14 August 1909, aged 80. He spent much of his working life making scientific and technical instruments, then used part of the resulting wealth to support public facilities and technical education. Stanley established his own business in Holborn in 1854, making mathematical and…

  • 1910: Florence Nightingale dies aged 90

    Florence Nightingale died in London on 13 August 1910, aged 90. More than half a century had passed since her work during the Crimean War created the public image that remained attached to her name. Nightingale returned to Britain from the Crimea in 1856. Her experience of military hospitals became the basis for a much…

  • 1912: Salvation Army founder William Booth dies

    William Booth, founder and first General of the Salvation Army, died at his home in Hadley Wood on 20 August 1912. He was 83. Booth had begun mission work in London’s East End in 1865. The organisation that developed from it became known as the Christian Mission before adopting the name Salvation Army in 1878.…

  • 1915: Edith Cavell Is Executed in Brussels

    British nurse Edith Cavell was executed by a German firing squad in Brussels on 12 October 1915. She had been sentenced to death for helping Allied soldiers escape from German-occupied Belgium. Born in Swardeston, Norfolk, in 1865, Cavell trained as a nurse in London. In 1907, she moved to Brussels to direct a nurses’ training…

  • 1916: Roger Casement is executed for high treason

    On 3 August 1916, Roger Casement was hanged at Pentonville Prison in London for high treason. Five years earlier, he had been knighted for his work as a British consular official. Casement had spent more than twenty years in British government service. In 1903, he investigated conditions in the Congo Free State, which was controlled…

  • 1920: Norman Lockyer dies in Devon

    Astronomer Sir Norman Lockyer died in Salcombe Regis, Devon, on 16 August 1920, aged 84. More than half a century earlier, his study of sunlight had helped identify an element that had not yet been found on Earth. Lockyer began his working life as a civil servant at the War Office and pursued astronomy alongside…

  • 1930: William Archibald Spooner dies in Oxford

    William Archibald Spooner died in Oxford on 29 August 1930. He had spent more than 60 years at New College, eventually becoming its Warden; however, his surname survived for a different reason. Spooner entered New College as an undergraduate in 1862. After taking a First in Classics, he became a Fellow and went on to…

  • 1930: F. E. Smith, 1st Earl of Birkenhead, dies

    Frederick Edwin Smith, 1st Earl of Birkenhead, died in London on 30 September 1930, aged 58. A barrister and Conservative politician, he held some of Britain’s highest legal and political offices. Smith entered Parliament as MP for Liverpool Walton in 1906. Known as a formidable advocate and speaker, he rose rapidly during the First World…

  • 1932: Ronald Ross dies in London

    Sir Ronald Ross died at the Ross Institute in London on 16 September 1932, aged 75. The British doctor spent much of his career studying malaria and was best known for establishing mosquitoes’ role in transmitting the disease. Ross joined the Indian Medical Service in 1881. While working in India, he investigated the theory that…

  • 1933: Annie Besant Dies in Adyar

    Annie Besant died at Adyar, near Madras in British India, on 20 September 1933. She was 85. Born Annie Wood in London in 1847, Besant spent much of her adult life involved in political, religious and social causes. In Britain, she became a prominent secularist, supported women’s rights, and campaigned on the conditions faced by…

  • 1939: Arthur Rackham Dies in Surrey

    Arthur Rackham, one of the best-known English book illustrators of the early twentieth century, died at Limpsfield, Surrey, on 6 September 1939. He was 71. Born in London in 1867, Rackham worked as an illustrator before becoming closely associated with the illustrated gift books of the period, sometimes called the Golden Age of British book…

  • 1942: Valentine Baker Dies Testing the Martin-Baker MB3

    On 12 September 1942, Captain Valentine Baker was killed while test-flying the Martin-Baker MB3, an experimental British fighter, from RAF Wing in Buckinghamshire. Baker was more than the aircraft’s test pilot. He founded the Martin-Baker Aircraft Company with engineer James Martin in the 1930s and tested the aircraft they developed. The MB3 was being developed…

  • 1955: Ruth Ellis is executed at Holloway Prison

    Ruth Ellis was hanged at Holloway Prison on 13 July 1955. She was the last woman executed in Britain. Ellis had been convicted of murdering her partner, racing driver David Blakely. On 10 April 1955, she waited outside the Magdala public house in Hampstead and shot him several times. She did not deny the killing.…

  • 1958: Ralph Vaughan Williams dies in London

    Ralph Vaughan Williams died at his home in Hanover Terrace, London, on 26 August 1958. He was 85 and remained an active composer almost to the end of his life. Only four months earlier, on 2 April, his Ninth Symphony had received its first performance. Malcolm Sargent conducted the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra. The work did…

  • 1967: Beatles manager Brian Epstein dies in London

    Brian Epstein was found dead at his home in Chapel Street, London, on 27 August 1967. He was 32 and had managed the Beatles throughout their rise from a Liverpool club group to one of the world’s most successful musical acts. His death was accidental. An inquest found that Epstein had died after taking an…

  • 1967: Former Prime Minister Clement Attlee dies

    Clement Attlee died of pneumonia at Westminster Hospital in London on 8 October 1967, aged 84. He had served as Britain’s Labour Prime Minister from 1945 to 1951 and remained party leader until 1955. Labour defeated Winston Churchill’s Conservatives in the July 1945 general election, and Attlee became Prime Minister. His government established the National…

  • 1973: J. R. R. Tolkien dies in Bournemouth

    J. R. R. Tolkien died on 2 September 1973 while visiting friends in Bournemouth. He was 81 and had returned to Oxford the previous year after the death of his wife Edith. Tolkien was internationally known as the author of The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings. However, fiction occupied only part of his…

  • 1973: W. H. Auden Dies in Vienna

    W. H. Auden died in Vienna on 29 September 1973, aged 66. He read his poetry in the city shortly before his death and stayed overnight before returning to Oxford. Born Wystan Hugh Auden in York in 1907, he studied at Christ Church, Oxford. His 1930 collection Poemsestablished him as one of the leading English…

  • 1978: Robert Shaw dies in County Mayo

    Robert Shaw died in County Mayo, Ireland, on 28 August 1978, aged 51. He suffered a heart attack while travelling from Castlebar towards his home at Tourmakeady. Shaw became ill during the journey and stopped the car. After getting out, he collapsed beside the road. He was taken to Castlebar General Hospital, where he was…

  • 1978: Keith Moon dies in London

    Keith Moon, drummer with The Who, died in London on 7 September 1978 after an accidental overdose of Heminevrin. He was 32. The prescription drug had been given to Moon to help combat his alcoholism. His drinking had become an increasingly serious problem during the 1970s, affecting his health and his work with the band.…

  • 1981: James Parkes dies

    James Parkes died on 10 August 1981, aged 84. An Anglican clergyman, historian and campaigner, he had spent much of his working life investigating antisemitism and relations between Christianity and Judaism. Parkes had served in the British Army during the First World War and was ordained in the Church of England in 1926. His subsequent…

  • 1984: Radio Astronomer Sir Martin Ryle Dies in Cambridge

    Sir Martin Ryle died in Cambridge on 14 October 1984, aged 66. His development of radio telescopes and observational techniques made him a leading figure in British astronomy. Ryle was born in Brighton in 1918 and studied physics at the University of Oxford. During the Second World War, he worked on radar countermeasures at the…

  • 1986: Nicholas Kaldor dies

    Nicholas Kaldor died at Papworth Hospital near Cambridge on 30 September 1986, aged 78. The Hungarian-born economist had spent most of his career in Britain and became influential in both academic economics and government policy. Born in Budapest in 1908, Kaldor came to Britain to study at the London School of Economics. He later taught…

  • 1995: Former Prime Minister Alec Douglas-Home Dies in Berwickshire

    Former British Prime Minister Alec Douglas-Home died at the Hirsel, his family home in Berwickshire, on 9 October 1995, aged 92. Douglas-Home served as Prime Minister from October 1963 to October 1964, succeeding Harold Macmillan. At the time of his appointment, he was the 14th Earl of Home and sat in the House of Lords.…

  • 2004: Maurice Wilkins dies in London

    Maurice Wilkins died in London on 5 October 2004, aged 87. The British biophysicist played an important experimental role in research that established DNA’s double-helix structure. Wilkins was born in New Zealand in 1916 but moved to England with his family as a child. He studied physics at Cambridge and Birmingham, worked on radar research…

  • 2006: Malcolm Arnold Dies in Norwich

    Sir Malcolm Arnold died in Norwich on 23 September 2006, aged 84. His career had taken him from the trumpet section of the London Philharmonic Orchestra to orchestral, concert and film composition. Born in Northampton in 1921, Arnold studied at the Royal College of Music before joining the London Philharmonic Orchestra as a trumpeter in…

  • 2010: Football Coach Malcolm Allison Dies

    Manchester City announced the death of former coach and manager Malcolm Allison on 15 October 2010. He was 83. Contemporary obituaries recorded 15 October as the date of death, although Crystal Palace later gave 14 October. Allison was born in Dartford on 5 September 1927. He played as a defender for Charlton Athletic before making…

  • 2016: Sir Neville Marriner dies aged 92

    Sir Neville Marriner died on 2 October 2016, aged 92. The English violinist and conductor had founded the Academy of St Martin in the Fields. He remained associated with the orchestra for more than half a century. Born in Lincoln in 1924, Marriner studied at the Royal College of Music and the Paris Conservatoire. He…

  • 2022: Queen Elizabeth II dies at Balmoral

    Queen Elizabeth II died at Balmoral Castle in Scotland on 8 September 2022. She was 96 and had been Queen for more than 70 years. Earlier that day, Buckingham Palace issued an unusual statement saying that the Queen’s doctors were concerned for her health and had recommended that she remain under medical supervision. She was…

  • 2022: Hilary Mantel Dies Aged 70

    Hilary Mantel died on 22 September 2022 at age 70. She published novels for nearly four decades but became best known for her trilogy about the Tudor politician Thomas Cromwell. Born Hilary Mary Thompson in Glossop, Derbyshire, in 1952, Mantel published her first novel, Every Day Is Mother’s Day, in 1985. Her earlier work included…