On 29 August 1930, the remaining 36 inhabitants of St Kilda left the islands aboard HMS Harebell. They were not removed against their wishes. Three months earlier, community members had asked the government to help them leave.

St Kilda lies more than 40 miles west of the Outer Hebrides, with the main settlement on Hirta. Its population had been falling for decades. Thirty-six islanders emigrated to Australia in 1852, and later generations continued to leave.

The community also became more closely connected to the outside world. Steamships brought visitors, while fishing and whaling vessels worked nearby. Islanders sold tweed, knitted goods, eggs and other items to visitors, but became increasingly dependent on imported food, fuel, building materials and household goods.

Communications remained difficult. During food shortages in 1876, islanders began using the St Kilda mailboat, placing letters in floating containers in the hope that currents would carry them to Scotland or Scandinavia. Food shortages returned in 1912, and an influenza outbreak followed in 1913.

The First World War brought a naval detachment to Hirta and more regular deliveries of food and mail. Those services ended after the war. More young islanders emigrated, and the remaining population became less able to sustain the community.

By 1930, St Kilda had 36 residents living in ten households. In May, islanders petitioned the Secretary of State for Scotland for help leaving. The government agreed and organised their evacuation, including arrangements for most of their sheep and for work and accommodation on the mainland.

On 29 August, the 36 residents boarded HMS Harebell. Most were later settled at Lochaline, where the men found work in forestry. Other families went to Strome Ferry, Culcabock and Culross.

Their departure ended the permanent civilian community on St Kilda.